海拉尔盆地乌尔逊凹陷古流体动力场数值模拟   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5  

杨金侠 《地球科学与环境学报》2003,25(3):41-47

首先对地下水动力场进行数学描述,以水动力为主线,建立适合该地区的数学模型,选择正确的地质模型参数,主要采用数值计算和模拟等手段,在恢复出乌尔逊凹陷主要目的层在不同地质历史时期古水动力的基础上又恢复出古流体势的演化历史。整体上,在乌尔逊凹陷,各主要地质时期的油势演化特征为西部地区大于东部地区,乌南大于乌北,且低势区的发育有较好的继承性。最后,依据油气聚集理论,进行油气运移聚集系统的划分、油气运移方向的分析,从而得出有关研究区油气运移聚集条件的认识,主要从流体动力的角度考虑,指出有利聚集区,认为在乌尔逊凹陷苏4～苏18井区、苏132～苏17～铜2井区及巴1～巴2～巴4井区为有利油气运移聚集区。  相似文献   

Effects of Different Diets on the Dietary Attractability and Selectivity of Chinese Shrimp, Fenneropenaeus chinensis     

HUANGGuoqiang DONGShuanglin WANGFang 《中国海洋大学学报(英文版)》2005,4(1):56-60

Attractabilities of different diets and dietary selectivity of Chinese shrimp, Fenneropenaeus chinensis were studied through behavior observation and feeding experiment, respectively. The five diets used in the experiment are: Fish Flesh (FF), Shrimp Flesh (SF), Clam Foot (CF), Polychaete Worm (PW), and Formulated Diet (FD). No significant differences of attractability exist between any two different diets when every two natural diets or all five diets are provided simultaneously. On the other hand, significant differences of attractability exist between FD and every single natural diet when they are provided simultaneously. Results of behavioral observation indicate that natural diets are more attractive than FD. In feeding experiment, Chinese shrimp has distinct selectivity on different diets. It positively selects CF and PW, negatively selects FF and SF, and excludes FD absolutely. The results of the present studies indicate that the dietary selectivity of shrimp was based not only on the attractabilities of the diets, but also on the responses such as growth and food conversion.  相似文献   

首都圈地区现今断层活动的数学模拟及地震危险性讨论     

李群芳  张云柱  高忠宁 《大地测量与地球动力学》1995,(1)

以首都圈地区现今活动断层上近２０年的位移测量资料为依据，用二维线弹性有限元对该区断层的活动特征进行了拟合，并结合有关资料讨论了该区的地震危险性。结果表明：１９７７－１９８６年间该区主压应力优势方位与华北较一致，约为Ｎ４５°－８０°Ｅ；１９８６－１９９０年其主压应力方向向北偏转，约为Ｎ５°－６０°Ｅ；１９９０年至现在其主压应力又向东偏转，角度大于第一阶段，约为Ｎ８０°－９５°Ｅ。该区的张家口－延庆一带近期有发生中强震的可能；丰镇－阳高－大同地区和凉城－古营盘地区应力较高，也应引起注意。  相似文献   

Quantitative Assessment of the Ecological Vulnerability of Baiyangdian Wetlands in the North China Plain     

TIAN Jinghan  GUO Chenchen  WANG Jianhua 《资源与生态学报(英文版)》2021,12(6):814-821

Quantitative assessment of vulnerability is a core aspect of wetland vulnerability research. Taking Baiyangdian (BYD) wetlands in the North China Plain as a study area and using the ‘cause-result’ model, 23 representative indicators from natural, social, sci-tech and economic elements were selected to construct an indicator system. A weight matrix was obtained by using the entropy weight method to calculate the weight value for each indicator. Based on the membership function in the fuzzy evaluation model, the membership degrees were determined to form a fuzzy relation matrix. Finally, the ecological vulnerability was quantitatively assessed based on the comprehensive evaluation index calculated by using a composite operator to combine the entropy weight matrix with the fuzzy relation matrix. The results showed that the ecological vulnerability levels of the BYD wetlands were comprehensively evaluated as Grade II, Grade Ⅲ, Grade IV, and Grade Ⅲ in 2010, 2011-2013, 2014, and 2015-2017, respectively. The ecological vulnerability of the BYD wetlands increased from low fragility in 2010 to general fragility in 2011-2013, and to high fragility in 2014, reflecting the fact that the wetland ecological condition was degenerating from 2010 to 2014. The ecological vulnerability status then turned back into general fragility during 2015-2017, indicating that the ecological situation of the BYD wetlands was starting to improve. However, the ecological status of the BYD wetlands on the whole is relatively less optimistic. The major factors affecting the ecological vulnerability of the BYD wetlands were found to be industrial smoke and dust emission, wetland water area, ammonia nitrogen, total phosphorus, rate of industrial solid wastes disposed, GDP per capita, etc. This illustrates that it is a systematic project to regulate wetland vulnerability and to protect regional ecological security, which may offer researchers and policy-makers specific clues for concrete interventions.  相似文献   

土地利用与生态文明:实证研究     

谢花林  陈倩茹 《资源与生态学报(英文版)》2021,12(2):137-142

生态文明建设的目标是实现人与自然的和谐共生。国土是生态文明建设的空间载体。土地利用的方式或行为反映土地资源集约节约利用水平,导致不同的生态环境效应,从而影响区域生态文明建设水平。本专辑"土地利用与生态文明"通过优选14篇代表性论文,从土地利用效率、土地生态演化、土地多功能权衡、土地生态系统服务和土地生态风险等方面,探讨了生态文明视域下的土地利用管理理论和方法,为形成生态文明的土地利用方式、行为和制度体系提供了实践参考。本专辑研究层次多样,文献覆盖村庄、县域、省域等多级研究尺度,山地、平原和丘陵等多种地貌类型,以及华东、华中、西北、长江经济带和日本等国内外土地利用典型地区;研究方法前沿实用,包括文献研究法、分形理论、定性比较分析、VAR模型、计量经济学方法等多学科研究方法;研究主题鲜明,聚焦当前土地利用过程中的热点话题与突出问题,对土地生态效率、空间行为特征、土地利用结构优化、生态风险评价等土地利用热点问题进行了深入探讨,其中既有对耕地撂荒、土地利用风险等当前迫切的土地利用问题的文献梳理与述评,也尝试对农村景观和生态系统的多功能进行权衡与协同分析,为破解生态文明视域下的土地利用问题提供了理论与实证依据。本专辑从现实与理念等全方面、多层次地反映了以生态文明理念指导土地利用的现实迫切性,并从方法和研究框架等方面提供了理论指导与技术支撑。最后,提出了未来生态文明视域下土地利用研究领域需重点关注的五大热点方向:土地利用结构的生态化管理、土地利用过程的生态演化机理、土地生态利用模式、土地生态安全格局预警与调控、土地利用行为的生态化管控。  相似文献   

Ecological Footprint Evaluation of Three Types of Wood Flooring in China based on Their Production Data from 2000 to 2018     

LI Jianquan  YUAN Yue  LUO Shuzheng 《资源与生态学报(英文版)》2021,12(3):430-436

To encourage the environmental responsibility of consumers and manufacturers for forest management, it is necessary to evaluate the environmental influences of forest products. Ecological footprint (EF) is an internationally recognized indicator for estimating the natural capital consumption and environmental influences of various forest products. In this study, we developed an accounting model for the EF evaluation of wood flooring, which is a tertiary forest product, by the method of transformation. Next, we used that model to evaluate the EF of three types of wood flooring in China according to their production data from 2000 to 2018. We collected the necessary data by visiting typical enterprises in China and referring to the relevant literature. According to our results, the average EFs of solid wood flooring, engineered solid wood flooring and laminate flooring between 2000 to 2018 were 3.13×10 ⁶, 1.05×10 ⁷ and 5.07×10 ⁶gha, respectively. The total EFs of solid wood flooring, engineered solid wood flooring and laminate flooring from 2000 to 2018 were 5.95×10 ⁷, 1.99×10 ⁸and 9.64×10 ⁷gha, respectively. The coefficients of variation (CV) of the EFs for these three types of wood flooring were 0.45, 0.87 and 0.76, respectively. The average and total EFs of the engineered solid wood flooring were the largest among the three types of wood flooring. The per capita EF and unit EF for the engineered solid wood flooring were also the highest among the three types of wood flooring. The EFs showed an upward trend with irregular fluctuations from 2000 to 2018 for all three types of wood flooring. It is necessary to reduce the EF of the engineered solid wood flooring and use more environmentally friendly products, such as solid wood flooring, for environmental protection.  相似文献   

自然灾害韧弹性社会的理论范式   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

吴绍洪  高江波  韦炳干  张继权  郭桂桢  王军  邓浩宇  刘路路  贺山峰  许尔琪 《地理学报》2021,76(5):1136-1147

全球环境变化和经济快速发展导致自然灾害的增加,已经成为现代人类社会最严重的环境问题之一。面对自然灾害风险防控的严峻形势,人类社会必须建设得足够强大,以应对可能发生的自然灾害风险。在提出“构筑自然灾害韧弹性社会减轻自然灾害风险”的基础上,本文重点分析韧弹性的确切涵义,通过综合灾害防御、损害恢复和应急管控,诠释自然灾害韧弹性社会的内涵、组分和结构;建立自然灾害韧弹性社会的指标体系和定量表征方法,评估案例区自然灾害韧弹性社会的状况;进而针对城乡差异设计建设自然灾害韧弹性社会的途径。依此,系统性地构建了包括概念—结构—指标—途径的自然灾害韧弹性社会理论范式。建设自然灾害韧弹性社会是人类的必然选择,这与社会经济可持续发展高度一致。研究旨在推动综合应对自然灾害风险,探索建设“更强、更安全、更持续”的自然灾害韧弹性社会途径,支撑国家防灾减灾战略转变、实施“关键领域与薄弱环节九大工程”。  相似文献   

面向地貌学本源的数字地形分析研究进展与展望   总被引：5，自引：2，他引：3  

熊礼阳  汤国安  杨昕  李发源 《地理学报》2021,76(3):595-611

数字地形分析（DTA）是地理信息科学（GIS）研究的热点。但是,当前基于数字高程模型（DEM）的数字地形分析在地貌学研究中存在重形态轻机理、重现象轻过程、重地上轻地下等问题,急需从单一的地貌形态分析,迈向面向成因、过程与机理等地貌学本源问题的研究转变。据此,本文系统梳理了面向地貌学本源的数字地形分析的相关研究现状,并从地貌学本源认识、地貌形态建模、地形因子提取、以及其他地形分析方法等研究进行了系统的回顾、梳理与分析。研究表明,基于DEM的数字地形分析虽具有地貌特征分析的潜力与优势,但是,数字地形分析存在数据表达与分析模式上的先天缺陷,亟待通过基础理论与关键技术的突破,实现理论与方法的创新发展,实现从“坡面”走向“区域”,从“形态”走向“过程”,从“地形”走向“地貌”。而当今地球系统科学的研究发展态势也到了数字地形分析研究从重视地貌形态走向揭示地貌学本源的关键阶段。因此,本文从DEM数据模型增值、地形因子及其地形空间关系、以及宏观地形分析等侧面展望了面向地貌学本源的数字地形分析研究。当今基于DEM的数字地形分析研究,正像当前的GIS是否能够真正支撑地理学发展一样,已经处于一个非常关键的十字路口。面向地貌学本源的数字地形分析研究思路可望成为地理信息科学领域理论与方法创新的一次重要探索与实践。  相似文献   

新疆气候“湿干转折”的信号和影响探讨   总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2  

姚俊强  毛炜峄  陈静  迪丽努尔·托列吾别克 《地理学报》2021,76(1):57-72

新疆是对全球变化响应最敏感地区之一,分析全球变暖背景下新疆干湿气候变化及其影响,对应对和适应未来气候变化带来的影响具有重要意义。基于气象水文观测资料,对新疆区域干湿气候变化及其影响评估进行了探讨。结果表明：① 20世纪80年代中后期以来新疆气温升高,降水量增加,呈“暖湿化”特征;但1997年之后,干旱变化趋势、干旱频率、干旱发生月份等均有明显增加,导致70%以上的区域变干,新疆气候出现了从“暖湿化”向“暖干化”转折的强烈信号,即发生了“湿干转折”;② 新疆气候转折对区域生态和水资源造成明显的影响,归一化植被指数（Normalized Difference Vegetation Index, NDVI）经历了先增后减的变化过程,1982—1997年植被趋于“变绿”,但1997年之后植被长势迟滞,土壤水分明显下降,生态逆转,生态负效应凸显;③ 新疆河流径流变化出现明显的区域差异,对干湿气候转折响应复杂,受冰雪融水对径流补给比例的影响,发源于天山的河流径流对区域干湿变化有正响应,但发源于昆仑山的河流径流响应不明显。研究结果表明气候“湿干转折”和极端气候事件加剧背景下新疆干旱化急剧增加,水循环系统和生态系统不稳定性加剧,相关成果可为区域干旱灾害防灾减灾和风险管理提供有价值的决策参考。  相似文献   

中国工业结对集聚和空间关联性分析   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

张可云  朱春筱 《地理学报》2021,76(4):1019-1033

要推动形成优势互补高质量发展的区域经济布局,就需要从产业关联视角考察中国工业的空间格局。集聚是工业在空间的重要表现形式,通过把测度两两配对产业集聚的结对集聚指数和测度两两配对产业关联度的投入产出表相结合,首次构建集聚关联指数和关联集聚指数,以研究不同空间尺度下空间关联性的差异和出现差异的原因。通过整理中国工业企业数据库中的二位数行业数据发现,一个区域出现结对集聚的配对产业数多不意味着该区域的集聚关联度大。2003—2013年中国工业的集聚关联度先增加后下降;比较不同空间尺度发现,集聚关联度与研究空间大小正相关,与基本单元大小负相关;比较相近空间尺度发现,城市群和长江经济带内产业在区县和城市层次的集聚关联度较大。这种空间关联性的差异主要源于现有区域治理体系、区域内的产业构成和外部冲击,受区域与产业政策影响,不同的区域和产业将会演化出不同的产业空间格局。现阶段应继续以城市群和长江经济带为引领,补足城市间产业同构、空间关联性差的短板,增强产业在城市间的分工与合作,实现产业在空间的优化布局,推动区域协调发展。  相似文献